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Cara Deploy WordPress di Kubernetes Lengkap dengan SSL Let’s Encrypt

July 1, 2025 Tutorial by Masdika.ID

Tutorial ini menjelaskan langkah demi langkah, termasuk semua konfigurasi YAML, setup penyimpanan, database, hingga penerapan SSL otomatis menggunakan Cert Manager. Cocok untuk pemula maupun yang sudah terbiasa dengan Kubernetes. ✅

📂 Struktur Folder

.
├── cert-manager
│   ├── cert-manager-deploy.yaml
│   ├── cluster-issuer.yaml
│   └── namespace.yaml
├── ingress-nginx
│   ├── ingress-nginx-deploy.yaml
│   ├── ingress-nginx-svc.yaml
│   └── namespace.yaml
├── mysql
│   ├── deployment.yaml
│   ├── pvc.yaml
│   └── service.yaml
├── storage
│   ├── pv.yaml
│   └── storageclass.yaml
└── wordpress
    ├── deployment.yaml
    ├── ingress-www.yaml
    ├── pvc.yaml
    ├── redirect-to-www.yaml
    └── service.yaml

🔥 Penjelasan Detail

📦 Storage

storageclass.yaml → Membuat StorageClass bernama local-storage untuk PV lokal.

apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: local-storage
provisioner: kubernetes.io/no-provisioner
volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer

pv.yaml → Dua PersistentVolume, untuk mysql dan wordpress.

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv-mysql
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 10Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  storageClassName: local-storage
  hostPath:
    path: /root/www.masdika.my.id/data/mysql
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv-wordpress
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 10Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  storageClassName: local-storage
  hostPath:
    path: /root/www.masdika.my.id/data/wordpress

🗄️ MySQL

pvc.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: mysql-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  storageClassName: local-storage
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 10Gi

deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: mysql
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: mysql
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: mysql
        image: mysql:8
        env:
        - name: MYSQL_DATABASE
          value: wordpress
        - name: MYSQL_USER
          value: wpuser
        - name: MYSQL_PASSWORD
          value: wppassword
        - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
          value: rootpassword
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3306
        volumeMounts:
        - name: mysql-data
          mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
      volumes:
      - name: mysql-data
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: mysql-pvc

service.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql
spec:
  selector:
    app: mysql
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 3306
      targetPort: 3306

🌐 Ingress NGINX

namespace.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx

ingress-nginx-deploy.yaml → Deployment controller nginx

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx
      containers:
      - name: controller
        image: registry.k8s.io/ingress-nginx/controller:v1.10.1
        args:
          - /nginx-ingress-controller
          - --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx-controller
          - --election-id=ingress-controller-leader
          - --controller-class=k8s.io/ingress-nginx
          - --ingress-class=nginx
          - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx-controller
        ports:
          - name: http
            containerPort: 80
          - name: https
            containerPort: 443

ingress-nginx-svc.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      targetPort: http
    - name: https
      port: 443
      targetPort: https

🔐 Cert Manager

namespace.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: cert-manager

cluster-issuer.yaml

apiVersion: cert-manager.io/v1
kind: ClusterIssuer
metadata:
  name: letsencrypt-prod
spec:
  acme:
    server: https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
    email: [email protected]
    privateKeySecretRef:
      name: letsencrypt-prod-private-key
    solvers:
    - http01:
        ingress:
          class: nginx

cert-manager-deploy.yaml

# Apply official manifest
# jalankan perintah:
# kubectl apply -f https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/releases/download/v1.15.0/cert-manager.yaml

🖥️ WordPress

pvc.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: wordpress-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  storageClassName: local-storage
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 10Gi

deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: wordpress
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: wordpress
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: wordpress
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: wordpress
        image: wordpress:latest
        env:
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST
          value: mysql
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_USER
          value: wpuser
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
          value: wppassword
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_NAME
          value: wordpress
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        volumeMounts:
        - name: wordpress-data
          mountPath: /var/www/html
      volumes:
      - name: wordpress-data
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: wordpress-pvc

service.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: wordpress
spec:
  selector:
    app: wordpress
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80

ingress-www.yaml

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: wordpress
  annotations:
    cert-manager.io/cluster-issuer: letsencrypt-prod
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "true"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/force-ssl-redirect: "true"
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - www.masdika.my.id
    secretName: www-masdika-my-id-tls
  rules:
  - host: www.masdika.my.id
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: wordpress
            port:
              number: 80

redirect-to-www.yaml

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: redirect-to-www
  annotations:
    cert-manager.io/cluster-issuer: letsencrypt-prod
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/permanent-redirect: https://www.masdika.my.id$request_uri
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "true"
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - masdika.my.id
    secretName: masdika-my-id-tls
  rules:
  - host: masdika.my.id
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: wordpress
            port:
              number: 80

🛠️ Langkah Deploy

1️⃣ Deploy Storage

kubectl apply -f storage/

2️⃣ Deploy MySQL

kubectl apply -f mysql/

3️⃣ Deploy WordPress

kubectl apply -f wordpress/

4️⃣ Deploy Ingress NGINX

kubectl apply -f ingress-nginx/

5️⃣ Deploy Cert Manager

kubectl apply -f cert-manager/namespace.yaml
kubectl apply -f cert-manager/cluster-issuer.yaml
kubectl apply -f https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/releases/download/v1.15.0/cert-manager.yaml

(File cert-manager-deploy.yaml menjalankan perintah ke repo resmi cert-manager.)

6️⃣ Deploy Ingress untuk WordPress + Redirect

kubectl apply -f wordpress/redirect-to-www.yaml
kubectl apply -f wordpress/ingress-www.yaml

✅ Akses Domain

https://www.masdika.my.id (Utama)
https://masdika.my.id (Redirect ke www)

🧠 Troubleshooting

🚫 LoadBalancer Pending → Periksa konfigurasi MetalLB atau cloud provider.
🔐 SSL Error → Pastikan DNS sudah pointing, dan cek ClusterIssuer.
⚠️ PVC Error → Pastikan folder /root/www.masdika.my.id/data/* ada dan permission benar.

🎉 Deployment WordPress di Kubernetes selesai dengan SSL Let’s Encrypt otomatis dan sistem yang production ready!

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